Progressive structural damage in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
Xinyue Wan1,2, Weina Wang3, Xintong Wu4
1Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Journal of Neuroscience Research
|May 15, 2023
Summary
Patients with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) show widespread gray matter volume reductions, particularly in the cerebellum, which influences other brain regions as the disease progresses.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Epilepsy Research
- Structural Brain Analysis
Background:
- Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is a form of nocturnal epilepsy requiring further understanding of its underlying neurobiology.
- Structural brain alterations and their temporal sequence in SHE are not fully elucidated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate gray matter volume (GMV) changes in SHE patients using high-resolution MRI.
- To determine the temporal precedence of structural alterations in the progression of SHE.
- To construct a causal network of structural covariance (CaSCN) to understand the impact of these changes.
Main Methods:
- Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and source-based morphometry (SBM) applied to T1 structural MRI scans.
- Analysis included 60 SHE patients and 56 healthy controls.
- Granger causality analysis used to build the CaSCN based on illness duration.
Main Results:
- Significant GMV reductions observed in SHE patients, notably in the cerebellum, fusiform gyri, angular gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus.
- SBM identified additional GMV decreases in frontal lobes, precuneus, and supramarginal gyri.
- CaSCN analysis revealed the cerebellum as a primary node influencing other regions, the frontal lobe as a transitional node, and the supramarginal gyrus as susceptible to influence.
Conclusions:
- SHE is associated with widespread GMV reductions, indicating a significant morphological basis for the epileptic networks.
- The cerebellum plays a crucial role in the progression of structural changes in SHE.
- A temporal relationship exists between the structural alterations in different brain regions during SHE progression.
Keywords:
casual structural covariance networkgranger causality analysissleep-related hypermotor epilepsysource-based morphometryvoxel-based morphometryMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:24Sleep-Wake Cycles
1.4K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.4K
01:07Narcolepsy
160
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
160
01:15REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
281
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
RBD is significantly associated with...
281
01:22Stages of Sleep
398
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
398
01:24Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
232
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
232
01:13Seizures: Classification
460
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
460