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Lower-limb wearable resistance overloads joint angular velocity during early acceleration sprint running
Erin H Feser1,2, Jonathon Neville1, Denny Wells1
1Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) at AUT Millennium, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Journal of Sports Sciences
|May 15, 2023
Summary
Wearable resistance (WR) on the thigh or shank minimally impacts sprint kinematics. Both placements slightly increase sprint time and reduce joint angular velocities, potentially aiding sprint training.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Lower-limb wearable resistance (WR) offers a method for resistance training during dynamic, sports-specific movements.
- Understanding WR placement is crucial for optimizing its application in athletic training.
- Sprint running involves complex joint kinematics that may be altered by external loads.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of two distinct wearable resistance (WR) placements (thigh vs. shank) on joint kinematics during the acceleration phase of sprint running.
- To compare the biomechanical responses to thigh- and shank-mounted WR during maximal effort sprints.
Main Methods:
- Eighteen participants performed maximal effort sprints under three conditions: unloaded, with 2% body mass thigh-placed WR, and with 2% body mass shank-placed WR.
- Joint kinematics, including peak joint angles and angular velocities, were analyzed during the acceleration phase of sprinting.
- Effect sizes (ES) were calculated to quantify the magnitude of changes observed.
Main Results:
- Sprint times to 10m showed small increases with both thigh (ES=0.24) and shank (ES=0.33) WR, with the shank placement being statistically significant.
- Peak joint angle differences between unloaded and WR conditions were small (ES=0.23-0.38), primarily affecting hip and knee joints (<2° average change).
- Both thigh and shank WR significantly reduced average hip flexion and extension angular velocities, indicating an overload on these movements.
Conclusions:
- Wearable resistance applied to the thigh or shank has minimal impact on peak joint angles during sprint acceleration.
- Both WR placements similarly reduce hip flexion and extension angular velocities, suggesting potential benefits for training these specific sprint actions.
- The findings indicate that WR can provide a targeted overload to key sprint movements without drastically altering overall kinematics.
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