Myeloid Sarcoma: A Primer for Radiologists.

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm.
• It can occur with or without acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
• MS commonly affects children under 15.

Approach:

• This review summarizes the clinical and imaging features of MS.
• It emphasizes the role of imaging in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
• Pathophysiology, epidemiology, and differential diagnoses are also covered.

Key Points:

• Common sites of involvement include soft tissues, bones, lymph nodes, and peritoneum.
• Imaging modalities like PET-CT, MRI, CT, and ultrasound are vital.
• Radiologists need a comprehensive understanding for effective patient management.

Conclusions:

• Imaging is critical for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and follow-up of myeloid sarcoma.
• This review provides radiologists with essential knowledge on MS imaging.
• Understanding MS imaging aids in managing this unique malignancy.