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Ultra-low threshold continuous-wave quantum dot mini-BIC lasers.

Hancheng Zhong1, Ying Yu2, Ziyang Zheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

Light, Science & Applications
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

We developed compact, room-temperature continuous wave (CW) lasers using miniaturized bound states in the continuum (BIC) cavities and quantum dot gain membranes. These lasers achieve ultra-low thresholds and single-mode operation, ideal for photonic integrated circuits (PICs).

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Semiconductor Lasers
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) require highly compact lasers with ultra-low threshold and continuous wave (CW) operation.
  • Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer excellent light-trapping and light-matter interaction, making them promising for laser configurations.
  • Achieving highly compact BIC lasers with ultra-low CW thresholds has been a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate room-temperature CW BIC lasers with a highly compact size and ultra-low threshold.
  • To investigate the performance of miniaturized BIC cavities integrated with quantum dot gain membranes.
  • To assess the potential of these lasers as light sources for future PICs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a miniaturized BIC cavity using an InAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot (QD) gain membrane.
  • Characterization of laser performance at room temperature, including threshold power and mode characteristics.
  • Evaluation of operating temperature range and characteristic temperature (T0).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated room-temperature CW BIC lasers operating in the 1310 nm O-band.
  • Achieved an ultra-low threshold power of 12 μW (0.052 kW cm⁻²) due to effective 3D light and carrier trapping.
  • Realized single-mode lasing in cavities as small as 2.5 × 2.5 μm² with a mode volume of 1.16(λ/n)³.
  • Maximum operation temperature reached 70°C with a characteristic temperature T0 ≈ 93.9 K.

Conclusions:

  • Miniaturized BIC lasers fabricated with QD gain membranes offer a viable solution for compact, low-threshold CW operation.
  • These lasers exhibit excellent performance metrics, including small footprint, low power consumption, and single-mode output.
  • The developed mini-BIC lasers are a promising light source for advanced PICs in optical communications, sensing, and quantum information.