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Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers
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High-efficiency fluoroindate glass fiber laser.

Yan Ososkov, Jinho Lee, Toney T Fernandez

    Optics Letters
    |May 15, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a highly efficient dysprosium-doped fiber laser operating at 3.05 µm. This mid-infrared laser achieved 82% slope efficiency and 0.36 W output power, setting new records for fluoroindate glass fiber lasers.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Mid-infrared (MIR) fiber lasers are crucial for spectroscopy and sensing.
    • Dysprosium (Dy3+)-doped glasses are promising for MIR laser generation.
    • Fluoroindate glasses offer good optical properties for MIR applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate high-efficiency operation of a Dy3+-doped fluoroindate glass fiber laser in the 3 µm region.
    • To achieve narrow-linewidth wavelength stabilization for the MIR fiber laser.
    • To establish a foundation for power-scaling of MIR fluoroindate glass fiber lasers.

    Main Methods:

    • In-band pumping of a Dy3+-doped fluoroindate glass fiber laser at 2.83 µm using an Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glass fiber laser.

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  • Fabrication and characterization of a Dy3+-doped fluoroindate glass fiber.
  • Inscribing a high-reflectivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) directly into the Dy3+-doped fluoroindate glass for wavelength stabilization.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a slope efficiency of 82% for the free-running laser, nearing the theoretical Stokes limit.
    • Recorded a maximum output power of 0.36 W, the highest reported for a fluoroindate glass fiber laser.
    • Demonstrated narrow-linewidth wavelength stabilization at 3.2 µm using a novel Dy3+-doped fluoroindate glass FBG.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed Dy3+-doped fluoroindate glass fiber laser exhibits high efficiency and output power in the MIR.
    • The use of a custom-inscribed FBG enables effective wavelength stabilization.
    • These findings pave the way for advanced MIR fiber laser systems based on fluoroindate glass technology.