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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Hydration of Cement01:24

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Interfacial reactions govern elemental cycles and human activities.
  • Recent advances enable atomic-scale understanding of mineral-aqueous interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review progress in understanding mineral-aqueous interfaces over the last 20 years.
  • Identify future challenges and opportunities in interfacial science.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced techniques: ultrafast laser and X-ray sources for near-atomic resolution.
  • Nanofabrication for liquid cell transmission electron microscopy.
  • Computational chemistry for molecular modeling of interfaces.

Main Results:

  • Atomic-scale measurements reveal scale-dependent phenomena deviating from bulk observations.
  • Experimental evidence confirms "non-idealities" (defects, nanoconfinement) drive reactions.
  • Molecular models and surface-sensitive measurements define oxide- and silicate-water interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Science has progressed from ideal to realistic solid-water interfaces.
  • Future research will focus on dynamic, complex systems over broader scales.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is key for future advancements.