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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
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Multi-Modal Neurorehabilitation for Persisting Post-Concussion Symptoms.

Edward A Ross1, Robert B Hines2, Michael Hoffmann1,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.

Neurotrauma Reports
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel neurorehabilitation program significantly improved symptoms and objective measures for patients with persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) approximately two years after mild traumatic brain injury.

Keywords:
cognitive assessmentconcussionmTBIneuroplasticityneurorehabilitationpersisting post-concussive symptomspost-concussive syndrometraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Chronic sequelae after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) present treatment challenges.
  • Persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) often lack effective therapeutic options.
  • A structured, multi-modal neurorehabilitation approach may offer benefits for mTBI recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel, multi-modal neurorehabilitation program for patients with PPCS.
  • To assess both subjective and objective outcomes following a 5-day intensive treatment protocol.
  • To determine the impact of the intervention on various symptom clusters and functional measures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 62 outpatients with PPCS, an average of 2.2 years post-injury.
  • Utilized a 5-day intensive program combining non-invasive neuromodulation, neuromuscular re-education, cognitive training, and vestibular/visual therapies.
  • Assessed outcomes using the modified Graded Symptom Checklist (mGSC) and objective measures of motor, cognitive, visual, and vestibular function.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed across all subjective mGSC measures, including overall symptoms, symptom clusters, and individual symptom scores.
  • Objective assessments showed significant gains in trail making, processing speed, reaction time, visual acuity, and concussion symptom scores.
  • Moderate effect sizes were noted for key subjective and objective outcome improvements, indicating meaningful clinical benefit.

Conclusions:

  • An intensive, multi-modal neurorehabilitation program can yield significant benefits for patients experiencing PPCS long after their initial mild TBI.
  • The findings suggest that this structured approach can effectively address both subjective and objective impairments associated with chronic post-concussive syndrome.
  • This study supports the potential of targeted neurorehabilitation in improving functional outcomes for individuals with persistent mTBI-related symptoms.