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Local stochastics and ecoclimatic situation shape phytophagous chafer assemblage composition.

U G Sasanka L Ranasinghe1,2, Jonas Eberle1,3, Suresh P Benjamin1,2

  • 1Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig, Bonn Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany.

Ecology and Evolution
|May 15, 2023
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Summary

Local environmental conditions, not climate or habitat, primarily shape tropical chafer beetle assemblages. This finding helps explain the high number of endemic pest species in Asian agriculture.

Keywords:
Sri Lankaassemblage turnoverbody sizechaferslineages

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Ecology
  • Insect Ecology
  • Biodiversity Studies

Background:

  • The factors influencing the community structure of tropical polyphagous-herbivore scarab chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding these drivers is crucial for managing diverse and potentially pestiferous insect populations in megadiverse tropical regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary drivers of Sri Lankan chafer beetle assemblage composition.
  • To determine whether ecoclimatic conditions, macrohabitat, or local stochastic factors most influence these insect communities.
  • To explore how these factors affect different chafer lineages and body size classes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted field surveys across 11 Sri Lankan localities during dry and wet seasons.
  • Collected 4847 chafer individuals representing 105 species using UV-light traps.
  • Analyzed assemblage composition, diversity, and abundance across forest types, elevational zones, localities, and macrohabitats.

Main Results:

  • Chafer assemblages were predominantly shaped by local stochastic factors (local biotic and abiotic conditions).
  • Ecoclimatic conditions had a minor influence, while macrohabitat had little effect on assemblage composition.
  • Locality contrasts were more pronounced than those for forest types or elevation zones, especially for individual lineages and small-bodied species.

Conclusions:

  • Local-scale environmental variability is the main determinant of tropical chafer beetle assemblage structure.
  • The high species turnover between localities supports the significant endemism observed in Sri Lankan phytophagous chafers.
  • Poor habitat specificity and polyphagy in endemic chafers may contribute to their prevalence as crop pests in Asian tropics.