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Gain-of-function research and model organisms in biology
Nicholas G Evans1, Charles H Pence2
1Department of Philosophy, University of Massachussetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA Nicholas_Evans@uml.edu.
Journal of Medical Ethics
|May 15, 2023
Summary
Gain-of-function (GOF) research creates more virulent viruses. This study examines the ferret model in influenza GOF research, revealing its limitations and informing ethical and policy discussions on life sciences research.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Philosophy of Science
- Bioethics
Background:
- Gain-of-function (GOF) research involves creating viruses with enhanced virulence or transmissibility.
- Ethical analyses of GOF research have occurred, but the methodologies, particularly animal models, remain underexamined by philosophers.
- The ferret is a common animal model in influenza GOF studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically examine the suitability of the ferret as an animal model in influenza gain-of-function research.
- To analyze the epistemic limitations of the ferret model in GOF experiments.
- To connect these limitations to ethical and policy considerations regarding GOF research.
Main Methods:
- Philosophical examination of the criteria for an ideal animal model.
- Analysis of the ferret's characteristics and performance in influenza GOF experiments.
- Discussion of how epistemic limitations impact risk-benefit assessments.
Main Results:
- The ferret, despite common use, does not fully meet the desirable criteria for an animal model in influenza GOF research.
- Epistemic limitations of the ferret model present challenges for accurately assessing GOF research risks and benefits.
- Philosophy of science offers valuable perspectives for ethical and policy debates.
Conclusions:
- The limitations of the ferret model in GOF research have significant implications for ethical and policy decisions.
- A deeper understanding of scientific methodologies is crucial for evaluating the risks and benefits of life sciences research.
- Philosophy of science can inform the prioritization and oversight of high-risk biological research.
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