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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Depression: Overview01:18

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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Connecting Dots between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Depression.

Mehtab Khan1,2, Yann Baussan1,2, Etienne Hebert-Chatelain1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.

Biomolecules
|May 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, involving impaired energy production and increased oxidative stress, is increasingly linked to the pathophysiology of depression. Further research is needed for early diagnosis and novel treatments.

Keywords:
ATPOXPHOSdepressionmitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production, oxidative stress regulation, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis.
  • Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder involving alterations in metabolism, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent evidence connecting mitochondrial dysfunction with the pathophysiology of depression.
  • To highlight the need for deeper understanding and identification of biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical models of depression.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular changes in the brain.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in depression models, including impaired gene expression, membrane damage, disrupted electron transport chain, elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis.
  • These alterations are also observed in the brains of patients with depression.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression.
  • Further investigation into mitochondrial dysfunction and its biomarkers is crucial for developing effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for depression.