Synthetic Cationic Lipopeptide Can Effectively Treat Mouse Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in dairy cows is one of the most common clinical diseases in dairy cattle. Unfortunately, traditional antibiotic treatment has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria, making this disease more difficult to treat. Therefore, novel lipopeptide antibiotics are becoming increasingly important in treating bacterial diseases, and developing novel antibiotics is critical in controlling mastitis in dairy cows. We designed and synthesized three cationic lipopeptides with palmitic acid, all with two positive charges and dextral amino acids. The lipopeptides' antibacterial activity against S. aureus was determined using MIC and scanning electron microscopy. The safety concentration range of lipopeptides for clinical usage was then estimated using the mouse erythrocyte hemolysis assay and CCK8 cytotoxicity. Finally, lipopeptides with high antibacterial activity and minimal cytotoxicity were selected for the treatment experiments regarding mastitis in mice. The observation of histopathological changes, bacterial tissue load and expression of inflammatory factors determined the therapeutic effects of lipopeptides on mastitis in mice. The results showed that all three lipopeptides displayed some antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with C16dKdK having a strong antibacterial impact and being able to treat the mastitis induced by S. aureus infection in mice within a safe concentration range. The findings of this study can be used as a starting point for the development of new medications for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows.