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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Human Embryogenesis.

Daniela Ávila-González1,2, Mikel Ángel Gidi-Grenat2, Guadalupe García-López2

  • 1Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico.

Cells
|May 16, 2023
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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in 3D cultures mimic early human embryonic development. These models, including blastoids and gastruloids, offer new ways to study embryogenesis and cell interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Experimental Embryology

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are crucial for studying early embryonic development in vitro.
  • Traditional 2D PSC cultures do not fully capture the spatial organization of embryos.
  • Recent advances allow PSCs to form 3D structures mimicking embryonic stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of PSC-derived 3D models in studying human embryogenesis.
  • To highlight how these models overcome limitations of traditional methods.
  • To explore the potential of blastoids, gastruloids, and other 3D aggregates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to create 3D in vitro models.
  • Employing techniques to form blastoids, gastruloids, and other embryonic aggregates.
  • Analyzing cell interactions, cytoarchitecture, and spatial organization within these 3D models.

Main Results:

  • PSCs can self-organize into complex 3D structures resembling blastocysts and gastrulas.
  • These 3D models simulate key events like amniotic cavity formation and somitogenesis.
  • 3D PSC aggregates enable the study of multiple cell lineage interactions.

Conclusions:

  • 3D PSC-derived models represent a breakthrough for studying human embryogenesis.
  • These models provide unprecedented insights into early developmental processes.
  • Experimental embryology is advancing through the use of blastoids and gastruloids.