Incidence and Risk Factors for Development of Cardiac Toxicity in Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hematology
• Oncology

Background:

• Cardiac morbimortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well characterized.
• Understanding cardiac event incidence and risk factors is crucial for AML patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate the cumulative incidence (CI) of cardiac events in AML patients.
• To identify risk factors associated with both fatal and non-fatal cardiac events.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 571 newly diagnosed AML patients.
• Calculation of cumulative incidence for fatal and non-fatal cardiac events.
• Hazard ratio analysis to identify risk factors including prior heart disease, age, and chemotherapy intensity.

Main Results:

• The 9-year CI of fatal cardiac events was 6.7%, with prior heart disease as a significant risk factor (HR=6.9).
• The 9-year CI of non-fatal cardiac events was 56.9%, associated with age ≥ 65, cardiac history, and non-intensive chemotherapy.
• Significant cardiac toxicities including QTcF prolongation, cardiac failure, and arrhythmias were observed, impacting overall survival in intensive therapy patients.

Conclusions:

• Cardiac toxicity is highly prevalent in AML patients, contributing to significant mortality.
• Risk stratification and proactive cardiac management are essential for improving outcomes in AML.
• Identifying patients at high risk for cardiac events can guide treatment decisions and supportive care.