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Published on: January 9, 2019
Imaging the WHO 2021 Brain Tumor Classification: Fully Automated Analysis of Imaging Features of Newly Diagnosed
Michael Griessmair1, Claire Delbridge2, Julian Ziegenfeuter1
1Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Background:
The fifth version of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in 2021 brought substantial changes. Driven by the enhanced implementation of molecular characterization, some diagnoses were adapted while others were newly introduced. How these changes are reflected in imaging features remains scarcely investigated.
Materials And Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 226 treatment-naive primary brain tumor patients from our institution who received extensive molecular characterization by epigenome-wide methylation microarray and were diagnosed according to the 2021 WHO brain tumor classification. From multimodal preoperative 3T MRI scans, we extracted imaging metrics via a fully automated, AI-based image segmentation and processing pipeline. Subsequently, we examined differences in imaging features between the three main glioma entities (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma) and particularly investigated new entities such as astrocytoma, WHO grade 4.
Results:
Our results confirm prior studies that found significantly higher median CBV (p = 0.00003, ANOVA) and lower median ADC in contrast-enhancing areas of glioblastomas, compared to astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (p = 0.41333, ANOVA). Interestingly, molecularly defined glioblastoma, which usually does not contain contrast-enhancing areas, also shows significantly higher CBV values in the non-enhancing tumor than common glioblastoma and astrocytoma grade 4 (p = 0.01309, ANOVA).
Conclusions:
This work provides extensive insights into the imaging features of gliomas in light of the new 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification. Advanced imaging shows promise in visualizing tumor biology and improving the diagnosis of brain tumor patients.
Insights
The 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification introduced new glioma entities. Advanced imaging metrics can help differentiate these tumors, improving diagnosis for brain tumor patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Radiology
- Molecular Pathology
Background:
- The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors introduced significant updates based on molecular data.
- The impact of these classification changes on neuroimaging features requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the imaging features of gliomas according to the 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification.
- To correlate molecularly defined glioma entities with specific imaging metrics.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 226 treatment-naive primary brain tumor patients.
- Molecular characterization using epigenome-wide methylation microarray.
- Extraction of imaging metrics from multimodal 3T MRI using an AI-based pipeline.
Main Results:
- Glioblastomas showed significantly higher median cerebral blood volume (CBV) and lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
- Molecularly defined glioblastomas exhibited higher CBV in non-enhancing tumor areas compared to common glioblastoma and astrocytoma grade 4.
Conclusions:
- Advanced imaging techniques provide insights into glioma biology under the new WHO classification.
- Neuroimaging holds potential for improved diagnosis of brain tumors.
