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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

449
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Cancer Immunotherapy: Where Next?

Walter Bodmer1, Vita Golubovskaya2

  • 1Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.

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Engineered bispecific antibodies targeting cancer cells show promise for novel immunotherapies. This approach enhances the immune system to effectively kill cancer cells, even those lacking specific targets, minimizing side effects.

Keywords:
CAR T cellsT cell receptorbispecific antibodyimmunotherapy

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cancer treatment faces challenges due to similarities between cancer and normal cells, leading to side effects.
  • Current immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy have limitations in efficacy and applicability to solid tumors.
  • Monoclonal antibodies show modest success but require enhancement for broader cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel cancer immunotherapy strategies by identifying cancer-specific targets.
  • To evaluate the potential of engineered bispecific antibodies for enhanced cancer cell killing.
  • To overcome limitations of existing immunotherapies, particularly for solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Identifying genes with high expression in cancers and low/absent expression in normal tissues as novel targets.
  • Engineering monoclonal antibodies to target both cancer cell surface antigens and T cells.
  • Investigating immune-based killing mechanisms capable of eliminating bystander, target-negative cells.

Main Results:

  • Engineered bispecific T cell-attracting monoclonal antibodies demonstrate promise in targeting cancer cells.
  • This approach facilitates immune-mediated killing of cancer cells, including those not expressing the primary target.
  • Potential for improved efficacy in treating cancers, especially solid tumors, compared to current methods.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered bispecific antibody-mediated T cell recruitment represents a promising novel immunotherapy strategy.
  • This approach offers a potential solution for treating cancers with heterogeneous antigen expression.
  • Further development may overcome existing hurdles and lead to more effective cancer treatments.