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Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

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The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
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Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

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The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
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Causality in Epidemiology01:21

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Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
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Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Regression analysis is a statistical tool that describes a mathematical relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Granger Causality Studies.

Weng Siew Lam1, Weng Hoe Lam1, Saiful Hafizah Jaaman2

  • 1Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Kampar Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia.

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This bibliometric analysis maps Granger causality research trends. Publications have increased since 1981, focusing on environmental science, energy, and economics, with China leading in output and the US in citations.

Keywords:
Granger causalityVOSviewerbibliometric analysisbusiness economicssubject area

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Area of Science:

  • * Multidisciplinary research spanning environmental science, energy, economics, business, ecology, and neurosciences.
  • * Analysis of time series data for identifying causal relationships.

Background:

  • * Granger causality is a key framework for inferring causation from time series predictability.
  • * Essential for policymakers in developing effective strategies and recommendations.
  • * Recognized as a significant advancement in addressing the causation problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Granger causality publications.
  • * To track the evolution and trends of Granger causality research.
  • * To identify key contributors, research areas, and geographical distributions.

Main Methods:

  • * Bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Web of Science database.
  • * Utilized Harzing's Publish or Perish for performance analysis.
  • * Employed VOSviewer for science mapping and visualization.

Main Results:

  • * Consistent upward trend in Granger causality publications since 1981.
  • * Emerging focus on environmental science, energy, and economics.
  • * China leads in publication volume; the United States leads in citations; England shows the highest citation impact.
  • * Analysis of co-authorship, cited references, sources, authors, and keywords.

Conclusions:

  • * Granger causality remains a vital research area with growing influence.
  • * The field is expanding into new domains, particularly applied sciences.
  • * Bibliometric insights provide a roadmap for future research and collaboration.