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Interpersonal Competition in Elderly Couples: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study.

Qian Zhang1, Zhennan Liu1, Haoyue Qian2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.

Brain Sciences
|May 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Elderly couples maintain interpersonal competition, unlike controls. This competition is linked to synchronized brain activity in their mentalizing system, suggesting long-term relationships positively impact social interactions.

Keywords:
competitionelderly couplesfNIRShyperscanning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Elderly individuals typically show reduced interpersonal competition.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying competition in older adults, especially couples, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavioral and neural dynamics of interpersonal competition in elderly couples.
  • To compare competition patterns between elderly couples and matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning was used to record brain activity in pairs during a competitive task.
  • Behavioral data on button-pressing performance was collected.
  • Granger causality analysis and machine learning were applied to inter-brain synchronization (IBS) data.

Main Results:

  • Elderly couples maintained competition, while controls showed attenuated competition.
  • Couples exhibited increased inter-brain synchronization (IBS) in the middle temporal cortex and temporoparietal junction.
  • Directional causality between partners' brain activity differed in the first half of the task but not the second.
  • Machine learning successfully discriminated between couples and controls based on IBS patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly couples can sustain interpersonal competition, potentially due to the influence of long-term spousal relationships.
  • Increased IBS within the mentalizing system may underpin this sustained competition.
  • Long-term spousal relationships may positively modulate neural and behavioral aspects of competition in older age.