Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
Published on: March 6, 2018
The impact of litter effects on dose-response modeling in teratology
Abstract:
The fitting of dose-response models to teratology data involving littermates in order to generate estimates of teratogenic risk is receiving increasing attention as a potential alternative to the "safety-factor" approach to risk estimation. In this paper, we utilize the beta-binomial distribution to introduce varying degrees of intralitter correlation, and, for purposes of illustration, consider a logistic dose-response model that describes the logit of risk as a straight-line function of ln(dose). The biases and (exact and asymptotic) variances of the maximum likelihood estimators of the intercept and slope are studied by simulation as a function of the intralitter correlation structure.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Teratogenicity
Pharmacodynamic Models: Direct Effect Model and Indirect Response Model
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions
Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic
Toxicokinetics: Overview
Toxicity Testing in Animals

