Cross-linkable, phosphobetaine-based, zwitterionic amphiphiles that form lyotropic bicontinuous cubic phases

The design, synthesis, and lyotropic liquid crystal phase behaviour of six cross-linkable, phosphobetaine-based, zwitterionic amphiphiles are described. Two form a Q_II phase with aq. NH₄Cl solution, giving 3D-nanoporous membrane materials that can be used for water desalination and are not susceptible to ion exchange like traditional ionic analogues.