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Failure to Plan: The Disease That Cost an American Empire
Matthew D Turner1, Jason Sapp1
1U.S. Army, Transitional Year Program/Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431, USA.
Abstract:
In 1802, the deadliest recorded epidemic of yellow fever struck a French expeditionary force, permanently destroying Napoleon Bonaparte's ambition to re-conquer Haiti and secure a North American empire. Toussaint L'Ouverture, Haitian revolutionary, effectively used his medical experience to spread this disease among French troops.
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