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Area of Science:

  • Gas sensing technology
  • Optical spectroscopy
  • Environmental monitoring

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic gas requiring sensitive detection in industrial environments.
  • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is widely used in gas insulation equipment, necessitating monitoring for contaminants like H₂S.
  • Existing detection methods may face challenges with high-density background gases like SF₆.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a novel photoacoustic (PA) sensor for H₂S detection.
  • To achieve sensitive and reliable H₂S detection specifically within an SF₆ background gas.
  • To enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and suppress flow noise for dynamic gas sampling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-pass differential photoacoustic cell (MDPC) with two symmetrically embedded resonators.
  • Employed a near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) laser for excitation.
  • Implemented a differential processing algorithm for signal enhancement and noise suppression, alongside a λ/4 buffer chamber as a muffler.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 4.92 m absorption path length using a multi-pass structure.
  • Determined the optimal flow rate for H₂S detection in SF₆ background to be 150 SCCM.
  • Demonstrated a sensor sensitivity of 27.3 μV/ppm and a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 11 ppb with a 1000 s averaging time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PA sensor effectively detects H₂S in SF₆ background gas.
  • The MDPC design and differential signal processing significantly improve performance and reduce noise.
  • This sensor provides a critical preventive measure for ensuring the safe operation of gas insulation equipment.