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Effectiveness of a targeted primary preventive intervention in a high-risk group identified using an efficiency score
Sho Nakamura1,2,3, Satoru Kanda2,3,4, Hiroko Endo5
1Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan research@nakasho.org.
Objective:
To determine whether a minimal intervention based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-identified efficiency score effectively prevents hypertension.
Design:
Randomised controlled trial.
Setting:
Takahata town (Yamagata, Japan).
Participants:
Residents aged 40-74 years belonged to the information provision group for specific health guidance. Participants with a blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, those taking antihypertensive medication, or those with a history of cardiac diseases were excluded. Participants were consecutively assigned based on their health check-up visit at a single centre from September 2019 to November 2020 and were followed up at the check-up in the following year, until 3 December 2021.
Intervention:
A targeted approach using minimal intervention. Target was identified using DEA and 50% of participants with higher risk were targeted. The intervention was notifying the results of their risk of hypertension according to the efficiency score obtained by the DEA.
Primary Outcome Measures:
A reduction in the proportion of participants who developed hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication).
Results:
A total of 495 eligible participants were randomised, and follow-up data were available for 218 and 227 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The risk difference for the primary outcome was 0.2% (95% CI -7.3 to 6.9) with 38/218 (17.4%) and 40/227 (17.6%) events in the intervention and control group, respectively (Pearson's χ2 test, p=0.880). The adjusted OR of the effect of the intervention was 0.95 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.61, p=0.843), and that of the efficiency score (10-rank increase) was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.89, p<0.0001).
Conclusions:
Minimal intervention to a high-risk population stratified by DEA was not effective in reducing the onset of hypertension in 1 year. The efficiency score could predict the risk of hypertension.
Trial Registration Number:
UMIN000037883.
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