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Hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing
Mahmoud Abdellatif1,2,3,4, Peter P Rainer5,6, Simon Sedej5,6,7
1Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. mahmoud.abdellatif@medunigraz.at.
Nature Reviews. Cardiology
|May 16, 2023
Summary
Cardiovascular aging is driven by eight molecular hallmarks, including inflammation and cell senescence. Targeting these hallmarks may reduce age-related cardiovascular disease risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular biology and aging research.
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
- Maintaining cardiovascular health is crucial for promoting both organismal healthspan and lifespan.
- Cardiovascular aging may precede or underlie age-related health deterioration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify common molecular hallmarks of cardiovascular aging.
- To propose a hierarchical order for these hallmarks.
- To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting these hallmarks to reduce cardiovascular risk in older individuals.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes current research on molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular aging.
- It proposes a framework of eight common molecular hallmarks.
- It discusses potential therapeutic interventions based on these hallmarks.
Main Results:
- Eight molecular hallmarks common to cardiovascular aging are identified: disabled macroautophagy, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability (including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, dysregulated neurohormonal signaling, and inflammation.
- A hierarchical order distinguishing primary (upstream) from antagonistic and integrative (downstream) hallmarks is proposed.
- Therapeutic targeting of these hallmarks is discussed as a strategy to attenuate residual cardiovascular risk.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular aging is characterized by eight interconnected molecular hallmarks.
- Understanding the hierarchy of these hallmarks is crucial for developing effective interventions.
- Targeting these hallmarks offers potential therapeutic avenues to improve cardiovascular healthspan and lifespan in aging populations.
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