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Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Alexander J Gill1, Emily M Schorr1, Sachin P Gadani1
1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
European Journal of Immunology
|May 17, 2023
Summary
New biomarkers, including advanced MRI and specific proteins in body fluids, show promise for improving multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, especially for progressive MS.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Biomarker Research
- Immunology
Background:
- Disease-modifying therapies have advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) care.
- A significant need exists for sensitive and specific biomarkers in MS, particularly for progressive forms.
- Current diagnostic and monitoring tools require enhancement for precision medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To evaluate the potential of these biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
- To explore their role in understanding MS pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on MS biomarkers.
- Analysis of data on imaging biomarkers (e.g., MRI features).
- Evaluation of data on fluid biomarkers (e.g., proteins, microRNAs, exosomes) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
Main Results:
- MRI findings like the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions may enhance diagnostic accuracy and assess treatment efficacy in progressive MS.
- Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein show potential as biomarkers for neuro-axonal injury and glial-inflammation.
- Other promising biomarkers include optical coherence tomography, cytokines, chemokines, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles.
Conclusions:
- Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers hold significant potential for transforming multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical care and research.
- These biomarkers could improve diagnostic accuracy, prognosis prediction, and treatment monitoring, especially in progressive MS.
- Further research into these biomarkers may elucidate MS pathogenesis and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
