Hemocompatible Functionalized Hydrogen Substituted Graphdiyne Based Highly Durable Biosensor for Liver Cancer...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanomaterials Science
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Liver cancer (LC) diagnosis relies on sensitive and durable biomarker detection.
• Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a key biomarker for liver cancer.
• Existing biosensors often lack the required durability and stability for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a highly durable and sensitive biosensor for the detection of Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a liver cancer biomarker.
• To functionalize hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to enhance hemocompatibility and antibody immobilization.
• To fabricate and characterize an immunosensor for reliable ANXA2 detection in biological samples.

Main Methods:

• Modification of HsGDY with APTES to create a hemocompatible matrix (APTES/HsGDY).
• Fabrication of the biosensor using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of APTES/HsGDY onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate.
• Immobilization of anti-ANXA2 antibodies and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the functionalized substrate.
• Characterization using zetasizer, spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry).

Main Results:

• The developed immunosensor (BSA/anti-ANXA2/APTES/HsGDY/ITO) exhibited a linear detection range for ANXA2 from 100 fg mL⁻¹ to 100 ng mL⁻¹.
• A low limit of detection (LOD) of 100 fg mL⁻¹ for ANXA2 was achieved.
• The biosensor demonstrated excellent storage stability of 63 days.
• High accuracy in detecting ANXA2 in serum samples from liver cancer patients was confirmed via ELISA validation.

Conclusions:

• The APTES/HsGDY functionalized nanomaterial matrix provides a stable platform for antibody immobilization, leading to a highly durable biosensor.
• The developed immunosensor offers a sensitive and accurate method for detecting the liver cancer biomarker ANXA2.
• This biosensor shows significant potential for early and reliable diagnosis of liver cancer in clinical settings.