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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Published on: May 16, 2025

279

Rheumatoid arthritis.

W Watson Buchanan1, Colin A Kean2, Walter F Kean3,4

  • 1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.

Inflammopharmacology
|May 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) may be a modern condition, with its first clear description in the 17th century. Modern treatments, including anti-TNF-alpha and biologic agents, have significantly improved RA clinical outcomes.

Keywords:
ArthritisInflammationRheumatoid

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • The exact origin of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is uncertain, with historical evidence challenging to pinpoint.
  • RA was well-described in the 17th century, suggesting it may be a relatively modern condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical emergence and description of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  • To highlight key figures and milestones in understanding and naming RA.
  • To discuss the evolution of RA treatment and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of ancient writings, human specimens, and art.
  • Analysis of early medical theses and publications.
  • Examination of the adoption of terminology by health authorities.

Main Results:

  • Augustin Jacob Landre-Beauvais provided the first clear description of RA in his thesis.
  • Sir Alfred Baring Garrod coined the term "Rheumatoid Arthritis" in 1859.
  • The disease name was officially adopted in Britain in 1922.

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis has a documented history traceable to at least the 17th century.
  • Significant advancements in understanding and treating RA, particularly with biologics, have transformed patient outcomes.
  • Juvenile Arthritis shares connections with adult RA, known as Still's disease.