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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

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The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...
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Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

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The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is sent...
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

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Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
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Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advances in Quantifying Microvascular Density in Aging Murine Lungs
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Understanding and Engineering the Pulmonary Vasculature.

Wai Hoe Ng1, Barbie Varghese1, Xi Ren2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells are crucial for lung repair and regeneration. New bioengineering approaches using stem cells and biomaterials offer promising avenues for developing therapies for lung diseases.

Keywords:
3D printingLung-on-a-chipOrganoidPulmonary vascular diseasesPulmonary vasculatureStem cellWhole-organ decellularization

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary vascular biology and tissue engineering.

Background:

  • Vascular endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels, exhibiting tissue-specific functions.
  • Pulmonary microvascular endothelium is critical for lung barrier function and gas exchange.
  • These cells also play a key role in alveolar regeneration after injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore advancements in bioengineering for creating functional pulmonary vasculature.
  • To investigate novel approaches for lung tissue regeneration and therapy development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing stem cell and organoid engineering to create vascularized lung models.
  • Employing 3D biomaterial fabrication for high-resolution tissue construction.
  • Leveraging whole-lung decellularization to obtain natural vascular scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Engineered vascularized lung models facilitate the study of vascular-parenchymal interactions.
  • 3D biomaterials enable the recapitulation of the air-blood interface.
  • Decellularized lung scaffolds preserve native vascular architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Bioengineering strategies hold significant potential for regenerating damaged lungs.
  • These advancements pave the way for next-generation therapies for pulmonary vascular diseases.