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Engineering the Crop Microbiota Through Host Genetics.

Carmen Escudero-Martinez1, Davide Bulgarelli1

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Plant genetics shape the soil microbiota, offering a resource for sustainable agriculture. Harnessing this host genetic control over microbial communities can improve crop growth and health.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-microbe interactions
  • Agricultural science
  • Genomics
  • Microbiome research

Background:

  • The plant-soil continuum hosts a diverse microbiota crucial for sustainable crop production.
  • Host plants significantly influence the taxonomic composition and function of associated microbial communities.
  • Plant domestication and diversification have shaped the genetic basis of these host-microbiota associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how host genetic determinants influence plant-associated microbiota.
  • To discuss the heritability of microbiota recruitment and its role in plant growth and health.
  • To explore strategies for integrating microbiota manipulation into crop breeding programs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on host genetics and microbiota composition.
  • Analysis of plant domestication and diversification impacts on microbial communities.
  • Exploration of quantitative trait analysis for host-microbiota interactions.
  • Examination of reductionist approaches using synthetic microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • Host genetics play a significant role in shaping the plant microbiota.
  • Heritability of microbiota recruitment can be linked to beneficial microbial functions for plant development and health.
  • Environmental factors modulate the heritability of microbiota composition.
  • Host-microbiota interactions can be analyzed as quantitative traits, with studies associating crop genetics with microbiota profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetic control over microbiota offers a promising avenue for enhancing sustainable agriculture.
  • Advances in crop genomics are expected to accelerate the application of plant-microbiota interactions in breeding.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and deploy microbiota heritability for breeding purposes.