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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
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Glycoprotein acetyls and depression: Testing for directionality and potential causality using longitudinal data and

Daisy C P Crick1, Eleanor Sanderson1, Hannah Jones1

  • 1Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|May 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated the link between inflammation and depression. While no causal link from inflammation to depression was found, evidence suggests depression may increase inflammation, potentially influenced by BMI.

Keywords:
ALSPACDepressionGlycoprotein acetylsInflammationMendelian randomization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Inflammation is linked to depression, but the causal relationship is not fully understood.
  • Investigating the bidirectional causality between inflammation and depression is crucial for understanding mental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal associations between Glycine betaine (GlycA) and depression.
  • To determine the potential causal relationship and direction of effect between GlycA and depression using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the ALSPAC birth cohort for longitudinal analysis of GlycA and depression symptoms.
  • Employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with large genetic datasets for GlycA, depression, and depressive symptoms.
  • Conducted sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR adjusting for BMI to ensure robust causal inference.

Main Results:

  • Cohort analysis showed no significant association between GlycA and depression symptoms, or vice versa.
  • Mendelian randomization suggested no causal effect of GlycA on depression.
  • Evidence indicated a potential causal effect of depression on GlycA, though this finding may be confounded or mediated by BMI.

Conclusions:

  • No consistent evidence supports GlycA influencing depression.
  • Findings suggest depression may increase GlycA levels, with potential confounding or mediation by BMI.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between depression, inflammation, and metabolic factors like BMI.