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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
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Dual-stream cortical pathways mediate sensory prediction.

Qian Chu1,2,3, Ou Ma2,4, Yuqi Hang2,5

  • 1Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning, Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200126, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distinct brain networks in the parietal lobe mediate motor and memory predictions to the auditory cortex. This research clarifies the neural basis of top-down sensory prediction and cognitive processing.

Keywords:
descending connectionsepisodic memorymental imagerypredictive processingsensorimotor integration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cognitive functions rely on predictions from various sources to adapt to environmental changes.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying top-down predictive processing remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct neural pathways mediating motor-based and memory-based predictions.
  • To identify the specific brain regions involved in generating top-down sensory predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • A dual imagery paradigm was utilized to evoke motor and memory predictions.
  • Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to analyze directed connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Motor and memory systems specifically activated the auditory cortex based on content.
  • The inferior and posterior parietal lobe differentially relayed predictive signals for motor-to-sensory and memory-to-sensory pathways.
  • DCM revealed selective modulation of connections underlying top-down sensory prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Motor-based and memory-based predictions involve distinct descending neural networks.
  • The parietal lobe plays a crucial role in relaying predictive information.
  • This study elucidates the neurocognitive underpinnings of predictive processing.