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Vortex nucleation in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates with density-dependent gauge potential.

Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat1, Thudiyangal Mithun2, Bishwajyoti Dey1

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Nonlinear rotation in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) alters vortex nucleation and lattice formation. This study reveals how nonlinear rotation affects critical frequencies and vortex arrangements, leading to non-Abrikosov patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit rich quantum phenomena, including vortex formation.
  • Vortex dynamics in rotating BECs are crucial for understanding superfluidity.
  • Density-dependent interactions and nonlinear rotation introduce complexities to BEC behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate vortex dynamics and lattice formation in rotating density-dependent BECs with nonlinear rotation.
  • To determine the critical frequency for vortex nucleation under adiabatic and sudden trap rotations.
  • To analyze the influence of nonlinear rotation strength and trap ellipticity on vortex nucleation and arrangement.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of rotating density-dependent Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • Calculation of critical frequencies (Ωcr) for vortex nucleation.
  • Analysis of vortex-lattice formation under varying nonlinear rotation strengths and trap ellipticities.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear rotation modifies BEC deformation and shifts critical frequencies for vortex nucleation.
  • Critical frequencies depend on nonlinear rotation strength (C), with Ωcr(C>0)<Ωcr(C=0)<Ωcr(C<0).
  • Nonlinear rotation influences vortex-vortex interactions and Magnus force, leading to non-Abrikosov vortex lattices and ring-vortex arrangements.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear rotation significantly impacts vortex nucleation and dynamics in density-dependent BECs.
  • The study elucidates the formation of exotic vortex-lattice structures beyond conventional Abrikosov lattices.
  • Findings contribute to the understanding of superfluid dynamics in nonlinear quantum systems.