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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations

Hongyang Shu1,2, Zheng Wen1,2, Na Li1,2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Aging and Disease
|May 18, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly impacts cardiovascular health, increasing risks for patients with pre-existing conditions and causing new cardiac issues post-infection and vaccination.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global health crisis with significant mortality.
  • The virus primarily infects cells via the ACE2 receptor, which is also present in cardiac tissue.
  • A strong association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly evident.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying COVID-19's cardiovascular complications.
  • To discuss cardiovascular risks post-recovery and those associated with vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical evidence and scientific literature.
  • Analysis of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various myocardial cell types.
  • Overview of clinical manifestations of cardiovascular involvement during the pandemic.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and can lead to new cardiac issues like myocardial damage, heart failure, and thromboembolism.
  • The virus affects cardiomyocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts within the heart.
  • Increased cardiovascular risks are observed both after COVID-19 recovery and following vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant threat to cardiovascular health through direct viral effects and exacerbation of underlying conditions.
  • Understanding the cardiovascular impact is crucial for managing patients during and after the pandemic.
  • Further research is needed on long-term cardiovascular consequences and vaccine-related cardiac events.

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