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Related Concept Videos

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Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not...
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
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Ultraloop: Active Lateral Force Feedback Using Resonant Traveling Waves.

Zhaochong Cai, Michael Wiertlewski

    IEEE Transactions on Haptics
    |May 18, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel haptic interface using ultrasonic waves to generate active lateral forces on touchscreens. This technology overcomes limitations of passive friction, enabling directional cues for users.

    Area of Science:

    • Human-computer interaction
    • Haptics
    • Acoustics

    Background:

    • Current touchscreen haptics rely on passive friction, limiting force direction and fingertip stimulation.
    • Existing methods cannot provide orthogonal forces, hindering directional guidance and tactile feedback for static fingertips.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a surface haptic interface capable of generating active lateral forces on bare fingertips.
    • To overcome the limitations of passive friction-based haptics in touchscreens.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized ultrasonic traveling waves within a ring-shaped acoustic cavity.
    • Excited two degenerate resonant modes at approximately 40 kHz with a 90° phase shift.
    • Designed the acoustic cavity and measured generated forces.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved active lateral forces up to 0.3 N on a static bare finger.
    • Provided uniform force distribution over a 140×30 mm² surface.
    • Demonstrated a key-click sensation as a practical application.

    Conclusions:

    • Introduced a promising method for uniformly producing significant lateral forces on touch surfaces.
    • Ultrasonic traveling waves enable active directional cues and enhanced tactile feedback.
    • This technology advances the capabilities of touchscreen haptic interactions.