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Related Concept Videos

Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

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Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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Elderly-friendly indoor vertical dimensional layout method based on joint mobility.

Feng Wang1, Isarachai Buranaut2, Bo Zhang1

  • 1Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, 250109, Shandong, China.

Plos One
|May 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Elderly joint mobility declines, impacting vertical space reach. This study proposes an age-friendly spatial layout method considering reduced joint range of motion for better accessibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics
  • Gerontology
  • Architectural Design

Background:

  • Current spatial layout analysis relies on static body dimensions, neglecting age-related changes.
  • Diminished joint mobility in the elderly population affects their interaction with vertical space.
  • Existing methods do not adequately address the needs of older adults in residential environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of reduced joint mobility on the elderly's vertical spatial reach.
  • To identify factors influencing age-friendly vertical spatial dimension layout.
  • To propose an experimental method for designing elderly-friendly vertical spatial dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 62 adults and 62 elderly individuals.
  • Measured joint mobility across 8 comfort levels.
  • Analyzed data using an independent samples t-test in SPSS.

Main Results:

  • Elderly individuals showed significantly reduced joint mobility compared to adults.
  • A notable decrease in the range of motion across all joints was observed in the elderly.
  • Upper limb reach in the elderly is influenced by joint mobility, necessitating specific design considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Deteriorating joint mobility in the elderly makes traditional spatial layouts inadequate.
  • Integrating joint mobility into vertical spatial layout design is crucial for age-friendliness.
  • A novel elderly-friendly vertical spatial dimension layout method is proposed for future reference.