Spatiotemporal regulation of the BarA/UvrY two-component signaling system

The BarA/UvrY two-component signal transduction system mediates adaptive responses of Escherichia coli to changes in growth stage. At late exponential growth phase, the BarA sensor kinase autophosphorylates and transphosphorylates UvrY, which activates transcription of the CsrB and CsrC noncoding RNAs. CsrB and CsrC, in turn, sequester and antagonize the RNA binding protein CsrA, which posttranscriptionally regulates translation and/or stability of its target mRNAs. Here, we provide evidence that during stationary phase of growth, the HflKC complex recruits BarA to the poles of the cells and silences its kinase activity. Moreover, we show that during the exponential phase of growth, CsrA inhibits hflK and hflC expression, thereby enabling BarA activation upon encountering its stimulus. Thus, in addition to temporal control of BarA activity, spatial regulation is demonstrated.