Clinical outcomes associated with type II myocardial infarction caused by bleeding

Type ll myocardial infarction (T2MI) is caused by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. One subset of individuals is T2MI caused by acute hemorrhage. Traditional MI treatments including antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and revascularization can worsen bleeding. We aim to report outcomes of T2MI patients due to bleeding, stratified by treatment approach.

The MGB Research Patient Data Registry followed by manual physician adjudication was used to identify individuals with T2MI caused by bleeding between 2009 and 2022. We defined 3 treatment groups: (1) invasively managed, (2) pharmacologic, and (3) conservatively managed Clinical parameters and outcomes for 30-day, mortality, rebleeding, and readmission were abstracted compared between the treatment groups.

We identified 5,712 individuals coded with acute bleeding, of which 1,017 were coded with T2MI during their admission. After manual physician adjudication, 73 individuals met the criteria for T2MI caused by bleeding. 18 patients were managed invasively, 39 received pharmacologic therapy alone, and 16 were managed conservatively. The invasively managed group experienced lower mortality (P = .021) yet higher readmission (P = .045) than the conservatively managed group. The pharmacologic group also experienced lower mortality (P= .017) yet higher readmission (P = .005) than the conservatively managed group.

Individuals with T2MI associated with acute hemorrhage are a high-risk population. Patients treated with standard procedures experienced higher readmission but lower mortality than conservatively managed patients. These results raise the possibility of testing ischemia-reduction approaches for such high-risk populations. Future clinical trials are required to validate treatment strategies for T2MI caused by bleeding.