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Risk Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Emily N Warner1, Jeffrey R Strawn2
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
Summary
Identifying risk factors for pediatric anxiety disorders is crucial. Understanding temperament, environment, and cognitive factors aids in developing prevention strategies for childhood anxiety.
Area of Science:
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Developmental Psychology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Anxiety disorders are prevalent in children and adolescents.
- Multiple factors contribute to the development of pediatric anxiety.
- Understanding these factors is key to effective intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize the known risk factors for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
- To discuss the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on pediatric anxiety.
- To highlight the public health implications of childhood anxiety.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on pediatric anxiety risk factors.
- Synthesis of evidence on genetic, environmental, familial, and cognitive influences.
- Inclusion of recent research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Main Results:
- Key risk factors include temperament, family environment (e.g., parenting style), environmental exposures (e.g., particulate matter), and cognitive factors (e.g., threat bias).
- These factors significantly influence the course and severity of pediatric anxiety disorders.
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is a notable environmental factor impacting anxiety.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive identification of risk factors provides a foundation for targeted prevention strategies.
- Reducing anxiety-related disability in children requires a multi-faceted approach addressing identified risk factors.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay of these factors and inform public health initiatives.
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