Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

660
Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
660
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

472
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
472
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

717
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
717
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

793
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
793
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

494
β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this,...
494
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

1.6K
Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative risk of epilepsy with SGLT2 inhibitors versus incretin-based therapies in type 2 diabetes.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

An autopsy-based study on child mortality under six in Taiwan: Forensic autopsy findings and the complexities of causal determination.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi·2026
Same author

Cortical Microinfarcts Are Related to Amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Decline in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Journal of stroke·2026
Same author

Advances in body composition imaging for diagnosis and monitoring: From radiologic assessment to precision medicine.

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA·2026
Same author

Molecular Imaging in Primary Aldosteronism Subtyping: A Promising Complement but Not Yet a Replacement for Adrenal Venous Sampling.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

High-Payload and Secure Data Hiding for Medical Images in IoMT-Based eHealth Systems.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

23.5K

Strategies for subtyping primary aldosteronism.

Yun-Hsuan Yang1, Yu-Ling Chang1, Bo-Ching Lee1

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
|May 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is key for diagnosing primary aldosteronism (PA). This guide details AVS and NP-59 scan methods for lateralizing PA, aiding surgical decisions.

Keywords:
Adrenal hyperplasiaAdrenocortical adenomaAldosteroneCortisolHyperaldosteronism

More Related Videos

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

4.9K
Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
07:36

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice

Published on: September 26, 2018

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

23.5K
A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

4.9K
Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
07:36

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice

Published on: September 26, 2018

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Primary aldosteronism (PA) requires accurate lateralization for effective treatment.
  • Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for lateralizing PA.
  • Pre-procedural medication management and hypokalemia correction are crucial for AVS success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the procedures for lateralizing PA using AVS and NP-59 scans.
  • To provide tips and tricks for maximizing AVS success and minimizing errors.
  • To guide PA patients considering unilateral adrenalectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) with simultaneous sampling technique.
  • Utilizing adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, quick cortisol assay, and C-arm cone-beam CT.
  • NP-59 (131 I-6-β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol) scan as an alternative lateralization method.

Main Results:

  • AVS enables precise lateralization of PA, guiding surgical intervention.
  • The simultaneous sampling technique enhances AVS accuracy.
  • NP-59 scans offer a viable alternative when AVS is unsuccessful.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized diagnostic criteria and procedural techniques are essential for successful AVS.
  • Lateralization of PA is critical for determining eligibility for unilateral adrenalectomy.
  • Comprehensive understanding of AVS and alternative methods improves patient management in PA.