Cold Sintering Process for a BaTiO₃/Poly(vinylidene difluoride) Ceramic-Polymer Composite: Evaluation of the...

The sintering process is essential to transforming particular material into dense ceramics. Although several sintering techniques have emerged over the past few years, the process is still performed at high temperatures. The alternative cold sintering process (CSP) is a potential strategy for producing an advance high dielectric permittivity and enables densification at low temperature. In this process, the CSP technique has been applied to successfully prepare the BaTiO₃/poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite. The inorganic material of the BaTiO₃/PVDF nanocomposite was confirmed by various physical characterizations, and the densification studies were performed using a semiautomated press, indicating a dissolution-precipitation mechanism. When a uniaxial pressure of 350 MPa was applied, with transient liquid could be sintered at 190 °C, and a relative density of 94.8%. The nanocomposite exhibits an excellent dielectric properties like ε_r = 71.1 and tan δ = 0.04 with frequency range at 1 GHz for various dwelling times and maximize the electrical resistivity. The BaTiO₃/PVDF composite indicating a breakthrough opportunity toward an increase of the high dielectric constant will be significantly impacted by cold sintering. It enables innovative materials design and integrated devices to advance modern electronic industry applications.