Nursing practice and teleconsultations in a pandemic context: A mixed-methods study

To explore the use and implementation of teleconsultations by primary care nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Teleconsultation use increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its implementation has been documented for physicians and specialists, but knowledge is still limited in nursing practice.

A sequential mixed-methods study.

Phase 1: A cross-sectional e-survey with 98 nurses (64 nurse clinicians [NCs] and 34 nurse practitioners [NPs]) was conducted in 2020 in 48 teaching primary care clinics in Quebec (Canada). Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews with four NCs and six NPs were conducted in 2021 in three primary care clinics. This study adheres to STROBE and COREQ guidelines.

During the pandemic, telephone was the principal teleconsultation modality used by NPs and NCs compared to other teleconsultation modalities (text messages, email and video). The only variable associated with a higher likelihood of using teleconsultations was type of professional (NCs). Video consultation was almost absent from the modalities used. The majority of participants reported several facilitators to using teleconsultations in their work (e.g. web platforms and work-family balance) and for patients (e.g. rapid access). Some barriers to utilisation were identified (e.g. lack of physical resources) for successful integration of teleconsultations at the organisational, technological and systemic levels. Participants also reported positive (e.g. assessment of cognitive deficiency) and negative (e.g. rural population) impacts of using teleconsultations during a pandemic that made the use of teleconsultations complex.

This study highlights the potential for nurses to use teleconsultations in primary care practice and suggests concrete solutions to encourage their implementation after the pandemic.

Findings emphasize the need for updated nursing education, easy-to-use technology and the strengthening of policies for the sustainable use of teleconsultations in primary health care.

This study could promote the sustainable use of teleconsultations in nursing practice.

The study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines; the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies were used for reporting.

No patient or public contribution, as the study focused on the use of teleconsultation among health professionals, specifically primary care nurses.