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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
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Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Manoj Yadav1, Aarti Bhardwaj1, Anshu Yadav1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness, influenced by genetic factors. This review explores the role of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in POAG pathogenesis, highlighting the need for further genetic research.

Keywords:
Cytochrome P450geneticsmyocilinoptineurinprimary open-angle glaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glaucoma, a group of optic nerve diseases, causes progressive vision loss and blindness due to retinal ganglion cell damage.
  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent form, characterized by complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors.
  • Global glaucoma prevalence is projected to reach 111.8 million by 2040, disproportionately affecting Asian and African populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and their variants in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of POAG.
  • To identify gaps in research regarding the genetic etiology of POAG.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.
  • Studies published up to September 2022 were included.
  • The review focused on identifying and analyzing genetic factors implicated in POAG.

Main Results:

  • POAG exhibits significant variations in prevalence and inheritance patterns across diverse ethnic and geographic groups.
  • While numerous potential genetic loci for POAG are suspected, only a limited number have been identified and characterized.
  • Genetic factors, including variants in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, play a crucial role in POAG development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of POAG is essential for elucidating its complex pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the genetic etiology of POAG is expected to reveal novel causal genes.
  • Identifying specific genetic factors will enable a more precise understanding of POAG pathogenesis and potentially lead to targeted therapies.