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Translation and validation of the Urdu version of the neck pain and disability scale
Muhammad Nazim Farooq1, Somiya Naz1, Ambrin Kousar1
1Islamabad College of Physiotherapy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Purpose:
To translate and cross-culturally adapt the neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) into Urdu language (NPDS-U), and to investigate the NPDS-U's psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP).
Methods:
The NPDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines. The study included 200 NSNP patients and 50 healthy participants. The NPDS-U, Urdu version of neck disability index (NDI-U), neck Bournemouth questionnaire (NBQ), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were completed by all participants. After three weeks of physiotherapy, the patients completed all of the above-mentioned questionnaires, along with the global rating of change scale. Reliability, factor analysis, validity, and responsiveness were all tested.
Results:
The NPDS-U demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1=0.92) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). There were no floor or ceiling effects. A three-factor structure was extracted, which explained 70.42% of the total variance. The NPDS-U showed moderate to strong correlations with NPRS, NDI-U, and NBQ (r = 0.67-0.76, p < 0.001). A significant difference in the NPDS-U change scores between the stable and the improved groups (p < 0.001) confirmed its responsiveness.
Conclusion:
The NPDS-U is a reliable, valid, and responsive scale for assessing neck pain and disability in Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP.
