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The Development and Initial Validation of Items to Assess Parent Fear of Nighttime Hypoglycemia

Alexandra D Monzon1,2, Christopher C Cushing2, Ryan McDonough3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science -Florida, Nemours Children's Health , Orlando, FL, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|May 19, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Parents

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Psychometrics
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Parental fear of nighttime hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a significant concern.
  • Existing tools like the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Parents (HFS-P) do not adequately address nighttime fears.
  • There is a need for a validated instrument to measure this specific parental anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate new items for the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Parents to specifically assess fear of nighttime hypoglycemia.
  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of the revised survey, named the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Parents including Nighttime Fear (HFS-P-NF).

Main Methods:

  • Phase 1: Item generation involving pediatric diabetes providers and parents/caregivers of youth with T1D.
  • Phase 2: Pilot testing of generated items with parents/caregivers.
  • Phase 3: Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and content validity testing with a larger sample of parents/caregivers.

Main Results:

  • A four-factor model (high glucose behaviors, helplessness, negative social consequences, nighttime worries) emerged as the best fit for the HFS-P-NF.
  • The revised HFS-P-NF demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.96).
  • New items showed strong to moderate validity when compared to criterion and content measures.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the HFS-P-NF.
  • The HFS-P-NF broadens the understanding of parental fear related to nighttime hypoglycemia in T1D.
  • Clinicians can use the HFS-P-NF for more comprehensive screening of parental nighttime hypoglycemia fears.
Abstract

Keywords:
anxietyhypoglycemiameasure validationparents and caregiverstype 1 diabetes

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