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Liver disorders and celiac disease.

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Celiac disease (CD) can affect the liver, with nearly half of patients showing liver marker abnormalities at diagnosis. In some cases, these liver issues are the sole indicator of celiac disease, highlighting the importance of screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.
  • Celiac hepatitis, the most common liver manifestation of CD, often resolves with a gluten-free diet (GFD).
  • Liver abnormalities can be the primary or only presenting sign in some CD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of liver abnormalities at the time of celiac disease diagnosis.
  • To investigate the association between liver alterations and disease severity in CD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive observational study was conducted.
  • 140 patients diagnosed with celiac disease were included in the analysis.
  • Liver markers and histological alterations (MARSH classification) were assessed at diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • 47% of patients diagnosed with CD exhibited alterations in liver markers.
  • In 2.9% of cases, liver abnormalities were the exclusive manifestation of CD.
  • A higher incidence of liver alterations was observed in patients with severe histological damage (MARSH 3c).

Conclusions:

  • Liver abnormalities are a frequent finding at the diagnosis of celiac disease.
  • Celiac hepatitis can be the sole manifestation of CD, underscoring the need for liver function tests in CD diagnosis.
  • The severity of liver involvement correlates with the histological grade of celiac disease.