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Related Concept Videos

Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

1.1K
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

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Autonomous animal heating and cooling system for temperature-regulated MR experiments.

George Verghese, Mihaly Voroslakos, Stefan Markovic

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    |May 19, 2023
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    We developed an open-source system using Peltier modules to precisely control animal body temperature during preclinical research. This system ensures stable temperatures, crucial for accurate magnetic resonance imaging and physiological monitoring in mice and rats.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Preclinical Research
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Background:

    • Temperature significantly impacts magnetic resonance (MR) properties (T1, T2, proton density, diffusion) and animal physiology (respiration, heart rate, metabolism).
    • Accurate thermoregulation is critical in preclinical settings, especially during anesthesia when natural thermoregulation is compromised.
    • Existing methods for temperature control in animal models are often inadequate, leading to physiological variability and affecting MR data quality.

    Approach:

    • Developed an open-source heating and cooling system utilizing Peltier modules for precise temperature regulation.
    • Implemented a circulating water bath with active temperature feedback controlled by a commercial thermistor and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller.
    • Validated the system's performance in phantoms and in vivo using mouse and rat models, demonstrating sub-tenth-degree temperature stability.

    Key Points:

    • The system achieved a standard deviation of less than 0.1°C in animal models after temperature convergence.
    • Demonstrated precise modulation of mouse brain temperature using both invasive optical probes and non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic thermometry.
    • The open-source nature facilitates widespread adoption and further development in the research community.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system provides a reliable and accurate method for stabilizing animal body temperature during preclinical MR studies.
    • Precise temperature control enhances the reliability of physiological measurements and the quality of magnetic resonance data.
    • This technology is essential for advancing reproducible and accurate preclinical research, particularly in neuroscience and metabolic studies.