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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Preparation of Oligomeric β-amyloid1-42 and Induction of Synaptic Plasticity Impairment on Hippocampal Slices
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Amyloid pathology impairs experience-dependent inhibitory synaptic plasticity.

Suraj Niraula1, Shirley ShiDu Yan1,2, Jaichandar Subramanian1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 19, 2023
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by aberrant neuronal activity and altered synaptic balance.
  • Amyloid pathology in AD may affect synaptic structure, dynamics, and adaptation to neural activity.
  • Understanding synaptic changes in AD is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloid pathology does not disrupt baseline synaptic dynamics or adaptation to visual deprivation in mature excitatory and inhibitory synapses.
  • A key adaptive mechanism involving inhibitory synapse loss during visual deprivation is impaired in amyloidosis.
  • Amyloidosis leads to a less clustered pattern of synapse loss, indicating a failure in inhibitory synapse adaptation to altered excitatory activity.