[Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy. Case report]

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is an inflammatory disease of the brain, with a fulminant course that leads to a hemorrhagic demyelination of the central nervous system, having a poor prognosis and high mortality. Most of the times associated to crossed reactivity and molecular mimicry.

: We present a case report of a previously healthy young woman with an acute and multifocal clinical course, preceded by a viral respiratory tract infection, followed by a rapid disease progression and a delay in the diagnosis. The clinical, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid featured suggested the diagnosis of AHLE, despite efforts and management with immunosuppression and intensive care, the response to treatment was poor leaving the patient with a severe neurological impairment.

There is little evidence regarding the clinical course and treatment of this disease, and more studies are needed to better characterize it and to provide further information about its prognosis and management. This paper gives a systematic review of the literature.