Developmentally-Trained Primary Care Clinicians: A Pipeline to Improved Access?

The purpose of this study is to decrease wait time and improve access to developmental-behavioral pediatric (DBP) evaluation in children 4 years of age and younger as part of a quality improvement (QI) initiative in an urban safety-net hospital.

A primary care pediatrician received DBP minifellowship training 6 hours per week for 1 year to become a developmentally-trained primary care clinician (DT-PCC). DT-PCCs then conducted developmental evaluations that consisted of using a Childhood Autism Rating Scale and Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism to evaluate children 4 years and younger referred within the practice. Baseline standard practice involved a 3-visit model: DBP advanced practice clinician (DBP-APC) intake visit, neurodevelopmental evaluation by a developmental-behavioral pediatrician (DBP), and feedback by a developmental-behavioral pediatrician. Two QI cycles were completed to streamline the referral and evaluation process.

Seventy patients with a mean age of 29.5 months were seen. The average days to initial developmental assessment decreased from 135.3 days to 67.9 days with a streamlined referral to the DT-PCC. Of the 43 patients who required further evaluation by a DBP, the average days to developmental assessment reduced from 290.1 to 120.4 days.

Developmentally-trained primary care clinicians allowed for earlier access to developmental evaluations. Further research should explore how DT-PCCs can improve access to care and treatment for children with developmental delays.