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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Designing a Quasi-Liquid Alloy Interface for Solid Na-Ion Battery.

Jing Suo1, Qianqian Zhao1, Haoqing Tian1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.

ACS Nano
|May 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel quasi-liquid alloy interface (C@Na-K) to prevent sodium dendrite growth in solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SSIBs). This interface enhances stability and performance, paving the way for safer, high-energy batteries.

Keywords:
dendrite-suppressedinterface contactroom-temperaturesodium−potassium alloysolid sodium ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SSIBs) offer high energy density and safety.
  • Key challenges include sodium dendrite growth and poor electrode-electrolyte wettability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a stable, dendrite-suppressed quasi-liquid alloy interface for SSIBs.
  • To improve the electrochemical performance and safety of solid-state sodium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a carbon-encapsulated sodium-potassium alloy interface (C@Na-K).
  • Electrochemical testing of symmetrical and full cells using the novel interface.

Main Results:

  • The C@Na-K interface demonstrated improved wettability and accelerated charge transfer.
  • Symmetrical cells achieved stable cycling over 3500 hours at 0.1 mA/cm² and a critical current density of 2.6 mA/cm² at 40 °C.
  • Full cells exhibited 97.1% capacity retention and 99.6% average Coulombic efficiency after 300 cycles at 0.5 C.

Conclusions:

  • The quasi-liquid alloy interface effectively suppresses sodium dendrites and enhances battery performance.
  • This approach validates the use of liquid alloy interfaces for high-energy SSIBs.
  • The findings provide a foundation for developing next-generation high-energy SSIBs.