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Bioavailability indicators of inhaled cadmium compounds.

U Glaser, H Klöppel, D Hochrainer

    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bioavailability of inhaled cadmium compounds (cadmium chloride, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide) was assessed in rats. Cadmium oxide showed higher lung bioavailability than cadmium chloride and cadmium sulfide, even at lower concentrations.

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    Deposition of inspired aerosol particles within the respiratory tract of patients with obstructive lung disease.

    Toxicology letters·1996

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Toxicology
    • Occupational Health
    • Inorganic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with various industrial applications.
    • Inhalation is a primary route of occupational and environmental exposure to cadmium compounds.
    • Understanding the bioavailability of different cadmium compounds is crucial for risk assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the lung bioavailability of three different inhaled cadmium compounds: cadmium chloride (CdCl2), cadmium oxide (CdO), and cadmium sulfide (CdS).
    • To evaluate the role of lung compartmental cadmium and metallothionein content, and alveolar lavage analysis in assessing cadmium bioavailability.

    Main Methods:

    • Male Wistar rats were exposed for 30 days to submicron aerosols of CdCl2, CdO (0.1 mg/m3 Cd), and CdS (1 mg/m3 Cd).
    • Cadmium levels were measured in lung homogenates, cytosols, and metallothionein at the end of exposure and after a 2-month recovery period.
    • Alveolar lavage analysis was performed to assess cadmium availability in lung tissue.

    Main Results:

    • Higher cadmium concentrations were found in lung cytosols for CdCl2 and CdO compared to CdS.
    • Lung cadmium and metallothionein content was twice as high for CdO compared to CdCl2.
    • CdO demonstrated 10 times greater lung availability than CdS, despite a 10-fold lower exposure concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • Inhaled cadmium oxide (CdO) exhibits higher lung bioavailability than cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and cadmium sulfide (CdS).
    • Lung compartmental cadmium and metallothionein levels, alongside alveolar lavage analysis, effectively characterize the bioavailability of inhaled cadmium compounds.

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